Hide navigation sidebar
Hide table of contents sidebar
Skip to content
Back to top
Toggle table of contents sidebar

# S/PDIF transmit

`lib_xua` supports the development of devices with S/PDIF transmit through the use of lib_spdif. The XMOS S/SPDIF transmitter component runs in a single thread and supports sample-rates upto 192 kHz.

The S/PDIF transmitter thread takes PCM audio samples via a channel and outputs them in S/PDIF format to a port. A lookup table is used to encode the audio data into the required format.

It receives samples from the Audio I/O thread two at a time (for left and right). For each sample, it performs a lookup on each byte, generating 16 bits of encoded data which it outputs to a port.

S/PDIF sends data in frames, each containing 192 samples of the left and right channels.

Audio samples are encapsulated into S/PDIF words (adding preamble, parity, channel status and validity bits) and transmitted in biphase-mark encoding (BMC) with respect to an external master clock.

Table 35 S/PDIF capabilities
Sample frequencies | 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96, 176.4, 192 kHz
Master clock ratios | 128x, 256x, 512x
Library | `lib_spdif`

## Clocking

Fig. 10 D-Type jitter reduction

The S/PDIF signal is output at a rate dictated by the external master clock. The master clock must be 1x 2x or 4x the BMC bit rate (that is 128x 256x or 512x audio sample rate, respectively). For example, the minimum master clock frequency for 192kHz is therefore 24.576 MHz.

This resamples the master clock to its clock domain (oscillator), which introduces jitter of 2.5-5 ns on the S/PDIF signal. A typical jitter-reduction scheme is an external D-type flip-flop clocked from the master clock (as shown in Fig. 9).

## Usage

The interface to the S/PDIF transmitter thread is via a normal channel using streaming builtin functions (`outuint`, `inuint`). Data format should be 24-bit left-aligned in a 32-bit word: `0x12345600`

The following protocol is used on the channel:

Table 36 S/PDIF Component Protocol
`outct` | New sample rate command
`outuint` | Sample frequency (Hz)
`outuint` | Master clock frequency (Hz)
`outuint` | Left sample
`outuint` | Right sample
`outuint` | Left sample
`outuint` | Right sample
`...` |
`...` |

This communication is wrapped up in the API functions provided by `lib_spdif`.

## Output stream structure

The stream is composed of words with the structure shown in Table 37. The channel status bits are 0x0nc07A4, where c=1 for left channel, c=2 for right channel and n indicates sampling frequency as shown in Table 38.

Table 37 S/PDIF stream structure
Bits |  |
--- | --- | ---
0:3 | Preamble | Correct B M W order, starting at sample 0
4:27 | Audio sample | Top 24 bits of given word
28 | Validity bit | Always 0
29 | Subcode data (user bits) | Unused, set to 0
30 | Channel status | See below
31 | Parity | Correct parity across bits 4:30

Table 38 Channel status bits
Frequency (kHz) | n
--- | ---
44.1 | 0x0
48 | 0x2
88.2 | 0x8
96 | 0xA
176.4 | 0xC
192 | 0xE